High-performance self-assembled catalyst for SOFC

High-performance self-assembled catalyst for SOFC
The process of alloy exsolution. Credit: UNIST

A recent study affiliated with UNIST has introduced a novel catalyst that can significantly enhance the performance of perovskite electrodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC).

This breakthrough was led by Professor Gunatae Kim in the School of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST in collaboration with Professor Jeeyoung Shin of Sukmyeong Women's University, Jeong Woo Hn of Seoul University, and Professor Hu Young Jeong of UCRF at UNIST. The new forms an alloy in which the internal material of the fuel cell rises to the surface during the operation of the fuel cell. Because of this, it does not break even if you use the hydrocarbon directly, and maintains the performance.

This study was the first to report a phenomenon in which catalytic make alloys themselves to improve reaction efficiency. The findings are published in the September 2018 issue of the Journal of Materials Chemistry A, and has been selected as one of the 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Hot Papers.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to become the next major breakthrough as an alternative energy conversion device. One great appeal of SOFCs is that they promise more efficient use of abundant, inexpensive natural gas, creating fewer overall carbon dioxide emissions than traditional combustion turbines. They use the simple reaction of combining hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water as a by-product.

One of the major challenges to developing affordable has been storage. This is because hydrogen is explosive and requires costly containers to hold it safely. As a result, there has been a great increase in the development of SOFCs using hydrocarbons such as shale gas, natural gas, methane, propane and butane gas.

High-performance self-assembled catalyst for SOFC
The front cover of the Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for energy and sustainability, Volume 6, Number 33, (2018). Credit: Journal of Materials Chemistry A

However, if the catalysts used in conventional SOFCs use hydrocarbon-based fuels, their performance drops drastically. This is because the surface of the catalyst is contaminated with carbon or sulfur contained in the hydrocarbon-based fuel, thereby deteriorating performance. To address this, additional processes were needed to add catalyst-enhancing materials.

The research team has solved the problem with a new catalyst designed with a layered structure. At the core of this research is to build a bi-layer perovskite structure (, ) that helps the chemical reactions necessary for electrical production, and when the operates, it forms by itself.

"Cobalt and nickel are known to be effective catalytic materials for the operation of SOFCs," says Ohhun Kwon in the Combined M.S./Ph.D. of Energy and Chemical Engineering at UNIST, the first author of this study. "Previously, these materials were added to make the electrodes, while the new catalysts remained in performance as they formed a cobalt-nickel alloy.

The catalysts developed by the researchers use methane gas directly as a fuel and operate stably with no current drop for more than 500 hours. Additionally, the reaction efficiency of the catalyst is four times higher than that of the previously reported catalyst.

"The existing SOFC anode material (catalyst) was not able to operate reliably for a long time, even though it showed high performance initially when using hydrocarbon fuel directly," says Professor Kim who led the study. The newly developed metal alloy catalyst has excellent catalytic performance, which will greatly contribute to the popularization of cells.

More information: Ohhun Kwon et al. Self-assembled alloy nanoparticles in a layered double perovskite as a fuel oxidation catalyst for solid oxide fuel cells, Journal of Materials Chemistry A (2018). DOI: 10.1039/C8TA05105D

Journal information: Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Citation: High-performance self-assembled catalyst for SOFC (2018, October 12) retrieved 29 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2018-10-high-performance-self-assembled-catalyst-sofc.html
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