World's smallest optical implantable biodevice

World's smallest optical implantable biodevice
Size and design of the 1 mm3 optogenetic stimulator. Credit: Takashi Tokuda

Japanese researchers have described a new implantable device no bigger than the width of a coin that can be used to control brain patterns. The device, reported in AIP Advances, converts infrared light into blue light to control neural activity, and is the smallest and lightest wireless optical biodevice yet reported.

For centuries, it has been known that chemicals can change neural behavior. The field of optogenetics proved that neural behavior can also be changed with mere light. It is now known that light can activate certain proteins in the brain to change . Accordingly, scientists have implanted optical devices to successfully control the behavior of rodents using nothing more than light of specific wavelengths as the stimulus. However, the devices are often bulky, akin to wearing a football helmet or something heavier, and cause discomfort and distress to the animals.

Takashi Tokuda, an associate professor at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), has been investigating ways to miniaturize implantable optical devices. "Size is always the challenge. No one likes having large implants," he says.

The miniaturization of has been hindered by a dependency on electromagnetics. In such devices, both the voltage and the current decrease with a reduction in size, thus limiting the power. On the other hand, in devices that depend on photovoltaics, voltage remains unchanged as size is reduced.

The new made by Tokuda's research team uses a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor that controls photovoltaic power. "We integrated two sets of photovoltaic cells onto semiconductor chips. Ten cells were integrated for powering, and seven cells for biasing," he said.

The device includes an InGan LED chip, which causes the device to emit . A more distinguishing feature of the device, however, is that it can be activated with . Infrared is used in many light therapies, because it can penetrate deep in the body, whereas blue light cannot go much deeper than the surface. Therefore, the device can be implanted several centimeters into the body.

At just 1 mm3 and 2.3 mg, the volume and weight of the device are almost one order of magnitude than any other reported device, leading Tokuda to call it "the world's smallest wireless optical neural stimulator."

At the same time, Tokuda acknowledges that the device needs modifications before reaching its fullest potential.

"The device can be applied only for pulse stimulations and requires a charge time for each stimulation. Most optogenetics use multiple pulses. We need to improve the power receiving and conversion efficiency," he said.

More information: Takashi Tokuda et al, 1 mm3-sized optical neural stimulator based on CMOS integrated photovoltaic power receiver, AIP Advances (2018). DOI: 10.1063/1.5024243

Journal information: AIP Advances

Provided by Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Citation: World's smallest optical implantable biodevice (2018, April 26) retrieved 28 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2018-04-world-smallest-optical-implantable-biodevice.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Engineers build smallest volume, most efficient wireless nerve stimulator

20 shares

Feedback to editors